Ebe WHO kwuputara n'ihu ọha COVID-19 bụ "ọrịa na-efe efe" zuru ụwa ọnụ na Machị 11, 2020, mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa ejiriwo otu olu were ọgwụ nje dị ka ụzọ nchebe mbụ iji gbochie mgbasa nke ọrịa ahụ.Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke sayensị na-enwewanye mmasị na ultraviolet (UV) oriọna irradiation disinfection: nkà na ụzụ disinfection a chọrọ obere ọrụ ntuziaka, anaghị eme ka nje bacteria dịkwuo elu, a pụkwara ime ya na-enweghị ndị mmadụ.Njikwa ọgụgụ isi na iji ya dabara adaba maka ebe ọha mechiri emechi nwere oke igwe mmadụ, ogologo oge obibi yana ebe enwere ike ibute ọrịa obe.Ọ bụrụla ihe bụ isi nke mgbochi ọrịa, ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na nje.Iji kwuo banyere mmalite nke ultraviolet sterilization na disinfection oriọna, anyị ga-amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ na nchọpụta nke ìhè "ultraviolet".
Ụzarị ultraviolet bụ ìhè nwere ugboro 750THz ruo 30PHz n'ìhè anyanwụ, kwekọrọ n'ogologo 400nm ruo 10nm na oghere.Ìhè ultraviolet nwere ugboro dị elu karịa ìhè a na-ahụ anya na enweghị ike iji anya gba ọtọ hụ ya.Ogologo oge gara aga, ndị mmadụ amaghị na ọ dị.
Ritter (Johann Wilhelm Ritter(1776–1810)
Mgbe onye ọkà mmụta physicist nke Britain bụ Herschel chọtara ụzarị ọkụ na-adịghị ahụ anya, ụzarị infrared, na 1800, na-agbaso echiche nke physics na "ihe nwere akara ngosi abụọ", ọkà mmụta sayensị German na chemist Johann Wilhelm Ritter, (1776-1810), chọpụtara na 1801. na enwere ìhè na-adịghị ahụ anya gafere njedebe violet nke ụdịdị a na-ahụ anya.Ọ chọpụtara na akụkụ dị n'èzí njedebe violet nke ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ìhè anyanwụ nwere ike ime ka ihe nkiri foto nwere bromide ọlaọcha nwee mmetụta, si otú ahụ chọpụta ịdị adị nke ìhè ultraviolet.Ya mere, a makwaara Ritter dị ka nna nke ìhè ultraviolet.
Enwere ike kewaa ụzarị ultraviolet n'ime UVA (ogologo 400nm ruo 320nm, obere oge na ogologo ogologo oge), UVB (320nm ogologo na 280nm, ugboro ugboro na ọkara), UVC (ogologo 280nm ruo 100nm, elu ugboro na obere ebili mmiri), EUV 100nm ruo 10nm, ultra high ugboro) 4 ụdị.
N'afọ 1877, Downs na Blunt kọrọ na nke mbụ na ụzarị anyanwụ nwere ike igbu nje bacteria na mgbasa ozi omenala, bụ nke meghere ụzọ nyocha na ntinye nke ultraviolet sterilization na disinfection.N'afọ 1878, ndị mmadụ chọpụtara na ụzarị ultraviolet na ìhè anyanwụ na-enwe mmetụta na-ekpocha ọkụ na nsị.N'afọ 1901 na 1906, ụmụ mmadụ chepụtara Mercury arc, isi iyi ọkụ ultraviolet, na oriọna quartz nwere àgwà nnyefe ọkụ ultraviolet ka mma.
N'afọ 1960, a kwadoro usoro ọgwụgwọ ultraviolet sterilization na disinfection nke mbụ.N'otu aka ahụ, mgbe ìhè ultraviolet na-agbapụta microorganisms, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nke dị n'ime cell na-amịkọrọ ike photon ultraviolet, mgbanaka cyclobutyl na-etolitekwa dimer n'etiti ìgwè abụọ thymine dị n'akụkụ n'otu agbụ nke DNA molecule.(thymine dimer).Mgbe emechara dimer ahụ, usoro helix abụọ nke DNA na-emetụta, njikọ nke primers RNA ga-akwụsị na dimer, a na-egbochikwa mmegharị na ndegharị nke DNA.N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ịmepụta free radicals n'okpuru ultraviolet irradiation, na-eme ka photoionization, si otú ahụ na-egbochi microorganisms imepụtaghachi na ịmụpụta.Selụ na-enwe mmetụta nke ọma na foton ultraviolet na eriri ogologo nke dị nso 220nm na 260nm, ma nwee ike ịmịnye ike photon nke ọma n'ime eriri abụọ a, si otú a na-egbochi mmegharị DNA.Ọtụtụ n'ime ultraviolet radieshon na ogologo wavelength nke 200nm ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ na-etinye obi gị dum na ikuku, ya mere ọ na-esiri ike ịgbasa n'ebe dị anya.Ya mere, isi ultraviolet radieshon wavelength maka sterilization na-lekwasị n'etiti 200nm na 300nm.Agbanyeghị, ụzarị ultraviolet nke etinyere n'okpuru 200nm ga-emebi ikuku oxygen na ikuku wee mepụta ozone, nke ga-ekerekwa òkè na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na mgbochi.
Usoro nke luminescence site na mwepu na-akpali akpali nke mercury vapor amarawo kemgbe mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19: a na-etinye vapo na tube iko, a na-etinyekwa voltaji na electrodes ọla abụọ na nsọtụ abụọ nke tube ahụ, si otú a na-emepụta "Arc of Light", na-eme ka uzuoku na-enwu.Ebe ọ bụ na nnyefe nke enyo na ultraviolet dị nnọọ obere n'oge ahụ, a hụbeghị isi iyi ọkụ ultraviolet.
N'afọ 1904, Dr. Richard Küch nke Heraeus na Germany jiri iko quartz na-enweghị afụ, nke dị elu dị elu mee ihe mbụ quartz ultraviolet mercury lamp, Original Hanau® Höhensonne.Ya mere, a na-ewere Küch dị ka onye mepụtara oriọna mercury ultraviolet na onye ọsụ ụzọ n'iji ihe ọkụ ọkụ eme ihe maka irradiation mmadụ na ọgwụgwọ ọkụ ahụike.
Ebe ọ bụ na ọkụ quartz ultraviolet mercury mbụ pụtara na 1904, ndị mmadụ malitere ịmụ ngwa ya n'ọhịa nke ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa.N'afọ 1907, a na-ere ọkụ quartz ultraviolet oriọna dị ka isi iyi ọkụ ọgwụgwọ.N'afọ 1910, na Marseilles, France, a na-eji usoro ọgwụgwọ ultraviolet mee ihe na mmepụta nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri n'obodo ukwu, nke nwere ikike ọgwụgwọ kwa ụbọchị nke 200 m3 / d.N'ihe dị ka afọ 1920, ndị mmadụ malitere ịmụ ultraviolet n'ọhịa nke ikuku ikuku.N'afọ 1936, ndị mmadụ malitere iji teknụzụ sterilization ultraviolet n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ.N'afọ 1937, a na-eji usoro ọgwụgwọ ultraviolet mee ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iji chịkwaa mgbasa nke rubella.
N'etiti 1960s, ụmụ mmadụ malitere itinye teknụzụ na-ekpochapụ ultraviolet na ọgwụgwọ nsị mmiri n'obodo ukwu.Site na 1965 ruo 1969, Ontario Water Resources Commission na Canada mere nyocha na nleba anya na ntinye nke teknụzụ ultraviolet disinfection na ọgwụgwọ nsị n'obodo mepere emepe yana mmetụta ọ na-enweta na ịnweta mmiri.N'afọ 1975, Norway webatara nsị ultraviolet, na-eji ngwaahịa sitere na dochie chlorine disinfection.A na-eduzi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ ihe mbụ na ntinye nke ultraviolet disinfection na ọgwụgwọ nsị nke obodo.
Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'oge ahụ ghọtara na chlorine fọdụrụ n'ime usoro nsị nke chlorination a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ nsí na-egbu azụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime mmiri na-enweta., wee chọpụta ma kwenye na ụzọ mkpochapụ kemịkalụ dị ka nsị chlorine nwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa carcinogenic na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ka trihalomethanes (THMs).Nchọpụta ndị a mere ka mmadụ chọọ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ka mma.N'afọ 1982, otu ụlọ ọrụ Canada chepụtara sistemu ikuku ultraviolet mepere emepe nke mbụ n'ụwa.
Na 1998, Bolton gosipụtara ịdị irè nke ìhè ultraviolet n'ibibi protozoa, si otú ahụ kwalite ngwa nke nkà na ụzụ disinfection nke ultraviolet na ụfọdụ nnukwu ọgwụgwọ mmiri n'obodo ukwu.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'etiti 1998 na 1999, a rụzigharịrị ihe ọkụkụ mmiri nke Vanhakaupunki na Pitkäkoski dị na Helsinki, Finland, na-agbakwunyekwa sistemu ultraviolet disinfection, na ngụkọta ikike nke ihe dịka 12,000 m3 / h;EL dị na Edmonton, Canada Smith Water Supply Plant tinyekwara ụlọ ọrụ mgbochi ultraviolet gburugburu 2002, yana ikike ọgwụgwọ kwa ụbọchị nke 15,000 m3 / h.
Na Julaị 25, 2023, China weputara ọkọlọtọ mba "Ultraviolet germicidal lamp standard number GB 19258-2003".Aha ọkọlọtọ bekee bụ: Ultraviolet germicidal lamp.Na Nọvemba 5, 2012, China kpọsara ọkọlọtọ mba "Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal lamps standard number GB/T 28795-2012".Aha ọkọlọtọ bekee bụ: Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal lamp.Na Disemba 29, 2022, China kpọsara “Uru Oke Ịrụ Ọrụ Ike yana Ọkwa Nrụ Ọrụ Ike Ọkwa Standard Number of Ballasts for Gas Discharge Lamps for General Lighting: GB 17896-2022" ọkọlọtọ mba, ọkọlọtọ English aha: Opekempe anabata ụkpụrụ nke arụmọrụ ike na ume. A ga-emejuputa akara ule ballasts maka oriọna ọkụ maka ọkụ n'ozuzu ya na Jenụwarị 1, 2024.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ultraviolet etolitela ka ọ bụrụ teknụzụ nchekwa nchekwa, ntụkwasị obi, rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na nke na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi.Teknụzụ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ultraviolet ji nke nta nke nta dochie ụzọ ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ ọdịnala wee bụrụ teknụzụ mkpochapụ akọrọ.A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, dị ka ọgwụgwọ gas na-ekpofu ihe, ọgwụgwọ mmiri, sterilization elu, sterilization ikuku, wdg.
Oge nzipu: Dec-08-2023